SOUTH SAHARA MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal is an international peer-reviewed publishing house offering distinctive multidisciplinary areas covering major subjects in the social sciences in the fields of human resource management, strategic management, accounting and finance, supply chain, operation research, economics, public administration, communication, development studies, project management, education, and applied sciences.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business Practices in Oil-Bearing Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. A Study of Ikot Abasi Local Government Area
This study examined the relationship between corporate social responsibility and sustainable business practices among oil companies in Ikot Abasi, Nigeria, with specific focus on environmental degradation, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to essential services. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 390 respondents, with 338 successfully retrieved (86% response rate). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings revealed a very strong positive relationship between environmental degradation and sustainable business practices (R = 0.875, R² = 0.766), with environmental degradation having a statistically significant positive effect (β = 0.832, p < 0.05). Similarly, inadequate infrastructure demonstrated a very strong positive relationship with sustainable business practices (R = 0.904, R² = 0.817) and a significant positive effect (β = 0.890, p < 0.05). The majority of respondents acknowledged that environmental pollution (70.7%), infrastructure inadequacies (78.9%), and limited access to essential services significantly affect business operations. The study concluded that environmental degradation and infrastructure deficits are key drivers of sustainable business practices in the area. Recommendations include strengthening environmental regulations, investing in infrastructure development, enhancing CSR initiatives, promoting public-private partnerships, building local capacity, conducting regular environmental audits, and strengthening community engagement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Udeme Anthony Abaikpa, Imaobong Obot Idorenyin Basseyabia, Idara Imo Essien (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Community ‌Stakeholder ‌Perceptions ‌of Market-Aligned Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET): Implications for Skills Development and Labour Market Alignment in Mombasa County, Kenya
Across policy and practice, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is increasingly treated as a practical route for tackling youth unemployment, narrowing skills gaps, and advancing sustainable socio-economic progress. Yet, even with wide-ranging reforms in Kenya’s TVET landscape, empirical work that captures how community stakeholders judge the relevance and responsiveness of market-aligned programmes remains limited. This study investigated how community stakeholders perceive market-aligned TVET programmes delivered by the Technical University of Mombasa (TUM) in Mombasa County, Kenya. Attention centred on perceived programme quality, the technical and digital skills considered most urgent, constraints affecting participation, openings for stronger community and industry collaboration, and variations in perceptions across stakeholder categories and sub-counties. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive survey design guided the study. Data came from 240 community stakeholders, selected through a two-stage stratified proportional sampling strategy spanning Mombasa County’s six sub-counties. A structured questionnaire supported primary data collection. Analysis drew on descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha to examine internal consistency, composite index development, chi-square procedures, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis tests, cross-tabulations, and Cramér’s V to estimate effect sizes. Community respondents largely expressed favourable views toward TVET. In aggregate, 83.3% reported positive perceptions of TUM-TVET, and 86.7% rated TVET as important for youth employment and regional economic development. The composite TVET Quality Index averaged 3.50 (Cronbach’s α = 0.79), a pattern consistent with generally satisfactory perceived quality. Priority technical areas included electrical installation, hospitality, plumbing, welding and fabrication, ICT support, automotive maintenance, and maritime services. On the digital side, respondents pointed to digital literacy, programming, cybersecurity, and digital marketing as increasingly necessary competencies. Key constraints to participation were financial pressure, transport expenses, limited awareness, and weak career guidance. Stakeholders advocated for broader scholarship coverage, transport support, flexible learning routes, internships, apprenticeships, and closer institutional collaboration with industry. Inferential results showed statistically significant differences among sub-counties (p < 0.001), signalling that TVET planning benefits from locally sensitive approaches. Overall, the study argues that community perspectives serve as a useful source of labour market intelligence for strengthening market-aligned TVET. When community participation is built into curriculum review, institutional planning, and policy processes, programme relevance and graduate employability can improve while institutional responsiveness is strengthened. Empirically, the results add to the literature on community-responsive vocational education and provide evidence-based guidance for TUM, county governments, TVETA, employers, HELB, KUCCPS, and development partners working to strengthen demand-driven TVET systems in Kenya.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar H. Ahmed, William Kingi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Student ‌Experience ‌and ‌Programme Quality as Determinants of Student Satisfaction and Employability in Technical and Vocational Education and Training Institutions: Evidence from the Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is widely regarded as a core mechanism for building a skilled labour force that can sustain industrial expansion, innovation, and long-term economic development. In Kenya, reform efforts continue, yet there remains limited empirical work showing how multiple aspects of student experience, taken together, relate to student satisfaction and perceived employability in TVET settings. This study assessed how teaching quality and curriculum relevance, learning resources and institutional facilities, student support services and industry exposure, financial constraints, and employability preparedness relate to overall student satisfaction at the Technical University of Mombasa (TUM-TVET Institute). A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied through a mixed-methods strategy, with quantitative data providing the main evidence and qualitative responses offering interpretive depth. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 248 students and analysed through descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and multiple linear regression. Results indicate generally favourable views of teaching quality, curriculum relevance, institutional standing, and employability preparedness. At the same time, respondents pointed to clear weaknesses in practical training, connections with industry, student support provision, ICT capacity, and financial support. In the regression model, employability preparedness (β = 0.218, p < 0.001), learning resources and institutional facilities (β = 0.102, p = 0.011), and student support services and industry exposure (β = 0.066, p = 0.031) emerged as significant predictors of overall student satisfaction. Teaching quality and curriculum relevance, along with financial constraints, did not show statistically significant independent effects once other factors were controlled. The study therefore argues that satisfaction in TVET settings is driven mainly by employability confidence, access to adequate learning resources, and effective institutional support, more than by classroom teaching alone. Strengthening industry linkages, widening experiential learning, upgrading infrastructure, improving student support systems, and embedding continuous quality improvement are recommended to raise educational quality and graduate employability across Kenya’s TVET sector.
Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)
Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar Ahmed, William Kingi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Building ‌a ‌Transformer-Based ‌Neural Machine Translation System for English–Kibajuni Translation: A Low-Resource Deep Learning Approach for Indigenous Language Preservation
Recent progress in artificial intelligence has pushed machine translation to high levels of accuracy for widely resourced languages. Yet for many indigenous and endangered languages, comparable tools remain absent, largely because digitized linguistic data are scarce. Kibajuni, a minimally documented Bantu language spoken along the Kenyan coast, illustrates this gap. Publicly accessible English–Kibajuni machine translation systems are not available, which restricts both everyday digital use and broader language preservation work.This paper reports the design, construction, and assessment of a compact Transformer-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) system for English–Kibajuni translation. Training relied on a community-produced parallel corpus of roughly 10,000 aligned sentence pairs. A Design Science Research approach guided development of the full translation workflow, beginning with corpus preparation and continuing through Byte Pair Encoding (BPE) tokenization, a custom encoder–decoder Transformer, supervised training in PyTorch, beam-search decoding at inference time, and deployment as a web application.Because data were limited, emphasis was placed on training stability and generalization rather than increasing model size. The system therefore integrated AdamW, OneCycle learning-rate scheduling, dropout, label smoothing, gradient clipping, mixed-precision training, and early stopping driven by validation BLEU. Results indicate that, despite the small dataset, the model learned usable semantic correspondences between English and Kibajuni while remaining computationally light. The final network contains about 6–8 million parameters, occupies roughly 27 MB, and supports real-time translation on modest hardware. In practical terms, the work provides one of the earliest operational English–Kibajuni neural translation platforms. At the methodological level, it offers a reproducible template for developing MT systems for other under-resourced African languages. Taken together, the findings suggest that appropriately scaled Transformer models, paired with subword tokenization and carefully tuned training procedures, can materially advance digital inclusion and language preservation for endangered languages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anwar H. Ahmed, Wahida M. Bana, Mathew M. Egessa, Collins Kiprotich, Athman L. Omar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Debt Management Literacy on Investment Decisions Among Youth Entrepreneurs in Mombasa County
This study investigates the effect of debt management literacy on investment decisions among youth entrepreneurs in Mombasa County, Kenya. Despite growing recognition of financial literacy as a key driver of entrepreneurship, limited debt management knowledge continues to undermine youth entrepreneurs’ ability to access, manage, and leverage credit effectively. Guided by Information Asymmetry Theory, the study employed a descriptive research design targeting 32,102 youth entrepreneurs across Mombasa County. A stratified random sample of 400 respondents was selected using Yamane’s formula. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection, and data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that debt management literacy has a statistically significant positive effect on investment decisions, highlighting the importance of skills in evaluating loan terms, understanding repayment obligations, and managing credit responsibly. The study concludes that enhancing debt management literacy is critical to improving investment outcomes and recommends policy measures to integrate financial literacy training into youth entrepreneurship programs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmed Mohamed Omar, Dr. Jamal Noor, Dr. Juliana Asser (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Procurement Planning on the Procurement Performance of Maritime Parastatals in Mombasa County
This study investigated the influence of procurement planning on the procurement performance of government-owned parastatals in Mombasa County, Kenya. Guided by objectives, the research assessed the effects of need identification, need specification, sourcing strategies, and resource allocation on procurement performance. The theoretical framework was underpinned by the Knowledge-Based View, Institutional Theory, Strategic Choice Theory, and Resource-Based View. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, targeting a population of 94 senior and middle-level management staff from the Technical, Procurement, and Finance departments across selected maritime parastatals in Mombasa County. A sample size of 76 respondents was utilized. Data were collected using self-administered Likert-scale questionnaires and analysed using SPSS (Version 23) through both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship (p<0.05) between all investigated procurement planning components and procurement performance. Specifically, effective need identification, particularly through user department involvement, significantly enhanced performance. Clear and standardized need specifications, aligned with market and legal requirements, were confirmed to improve procurement outcomes. Sourcing strategies that include thorough market research and careful cost analysis had a notable positive effect on procurement performance. Resource allocation, supported by adequate budgets and technical know-how, showed the greatest positive impact, although gaps in staff skills and time management were evident. The study found that strong procurement planning—covering accurate needs identification, clear specifications, strategic sourcing, and effective resource use—is vital for better performance in parastatals. It recommends involving stakeholders in identifying needs, preparing standardized and legally compliant specifications, improving sourcing through market and risk analysis, and managing resources to address skill and time issues. Further research could look at the long-term results of applying these approaches across different public sector organizations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Kevin Salasia, Dr. Mary Ibua , Prof. Anwar Hood Ahmed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect Of Organisational Culture on Employee Performance in Public Water Companies in Coastal Kenya
The study investigated how organizational culture (adhocracy, clan, market, and hierarchical) affects employee performance in seven public water companies in Coastal Kenya. It was guided by dynamic capabilities theory, job-embeddedness theory, and bureaucratic theory and used a descriptive research design. The target population was 428 employees; a sample of 207 was drawn using proportionate stratified random sampling with Slovin’s formula (e = 0.05). Data were collected via a structured questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed through a pilot test of 21 respondents (10% of the sample). Findings showed that all four culture types significantly influenced employee performance, but with different strengths: hierarchical culture (structured systems, formal procedures, clear authority) was the strongest positive predictor of performance; market culture (performance orientation, targets, competitiveness) had a notable positive effect; clan culture (supportive, family-like environment, teamwork) showed a moderate but statistically significant positive relationship; and adhocracy culture (innovation, creativity, risk-taking) produced a smaller yet meaningful influence and was the weakest predictor among the four. Recommendations: public water companies should balance and leverage all four cultures—promote clan features (support, teamwork), strengthen adhocracy (space for innovation and calculated risk-taking), embed market practices (clear goals, accountability), and sustain hierarchical elements (well-defined processes and leadership) that provide stability and clarity. The study also calls for comparative research across other regions and sectors (e.g., healthcare, education, transport) to test generalizability and reveal any sector-specific cultural dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Caroline Mutana, Dr. Kilungu Matata, Prof. Karim Omido (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Imperatives of Green Human Resource Management and Organizational Efficiency in Bazone Nig Ltd, UYO, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
The study investigated the imperatives of green human resources management on organizational efficiency in Bazone Nig Ltd, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. A survey research method was adopted for the study. A sample of 28 respondents was drawn from the population of 40 using the purposive sampling technique. For the objectives of the study to be achieved, two hypotheses were formulated and tested. The study utilized structured questionnaires and interviews as major instruments for data collection. 40 questionnaires were distributed, and 28 were returned in useable form. Data collected were analyzed using simple percentage and simple regression. The results of the regression analysis revealed a positive relationship with green human resource management and organizational efficiency. It was recommended that Bazone Nig Ltd, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, should clearly communicate the reasons for change, benefits, and its impact on employees using multiple channels and formats to ensure the message is understood by all.
Copyright (c) 2025 Udeme Anthony Abaikpa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Influence of Cold Chain Management on Supply Chain Performance in the Kenya Horticultural Export Sector
The study sought to establish the influence of cold chain management on supply chain performance in Kenya horticultural export sector. It was guided by three objectives: to assess the influence of cold chain infrastructure, to examine the role of temperature control, and to determine the effect of cold chain personnel on supply chain performance. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data were collected from key stakeholders in the horticultural export sector. The findings revealed that cold chain infrastructure (r = 0.712, p < 0.05), temperature control (r = 0.728, p < 0.05), and cold chain personnel competence (r = 0.693, p < 0.05) all had significant positive effects on supply chain performance. Collectively, the three variables explained 64.2% of the variation in supply chain performance (R² = 0.642). The study concluded that investing in modern infrastructure, ensuring effective temperature regulation, and enhancing personnel skills are critical in improving efficiency and competitiveness in horticultural exports. It recommended that exporters strengthen cold chain facilities, adopt advanced monitoring technologies, and prioritize staff training to minimize postharvest losses and enhance global market competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Darius Chola Maganga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Supply Chain Agility on Supply Chain Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya
Given the unpredictable fluctuations prevalent across various business sectors, the imperative of supply chain agility has emerged. Companies must harness agility within their supply chain domain to enhance operational performance and meet the dynamic demands of the market. This research, conducted within the manufacturing sector of Mombasa County, endeavors to ascertain the influence of supply chain agility on organizational performance. The investigation was guided by specific objectives, namely, examining the impact of procurement range and evaluating the effect of sourcing adaptability in agile supply chains on the performance of the manufacturing industry. The theoretical frameworks underpinning this study encompass the Resource-Based View theory and Contingency theory. The research design employed was descriptive, and the population under consideration is the manufacturing firms within Mombasa County, with a focus on senior personnel engaged in the supply chain systems. The study's population is 100 manufacturing firms, and a census approach was adopted, involving 100 supply chain managers as the targeted audience. Challenges encountered during the research process include reluctance among respondents to participate due to concerns about the potential exposure of confidential data to competitors, time constraints faced by respondents, and a cautious approach when interacting with the broader public. Survey results indicate that respondents, on average, agree that procurement range significantly reduces manufacturing lead time with a mean of 3.84. Additionally, a substantial majority (80%) strongly agrees that sourcing adaptability enhances flexibility within supplier contracts with a mean of 4.7. Conclusively, it was determined that procurement range positively impacts customer service, boosts customization levels, and improves delivery reliability. Sourcing adaptability, on the other hand, contributes to high flexibility in supplier contracts, stimulates the frequency of new products, and facilitates the organization's ability to sustain long-term relationships with suppliers. In light of these findings, the study recommends that procurement firms within supply chain networks focus on developing procurement range and sourcing adaptability.
Copyright (c) 2024 SOUTH SAHARA MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Pre- and Post-Covid Analysis of Earnings Management and Financial Distress Among Nairobi Securities Exchange-Listed Firms
Earnings management and financial distress are two important aspects of financial management in corporations that have attracted significant attention in academic research and practical applications. The main objective of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the impact of financial distress on earnings management practices in companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE), both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the research aims to investigate the causal relationship between earnings management and financial distress. By analyzing data from 37 publicly listed companies before and after COVID-19, the study aims to understand how financial distress affects earnings management, while considering control variables such as firm size, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and inflation rates. The findings from the analysis before COVID-19 show a significant and positive correlation between financial strain and earnings management in companies. In contrast, the analysis during the post-COVID era indicates that the correlation between financial distress and earnings management is not statistically significant. However, the research findings highlight the significant role of firm size, which has a negative influence on earnings management. Specifically, smaller companies are more likely to engage in earnings management activities during the post-COVID period compared to larger corporations, as revealed by the results of this meticulous study.
Influence of Perceived Benefits on the Adoption of Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by Trade Unions in Kenya
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) are the methods of dispute resolution other than courtroom litigation. Reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, and traditional dispute settlement are all recognized ADR mechanisms under Kenya's constitution which is supreme. ADR mechanisms thus come into play in order to resolve disputes outside of court, such as arbitration or mediation. Trade Unions are associations of employees with the sole responsibility of negotiating for better conditions of work as well as social positions of employees through collective bargaining. Their approach can also be both constructive and destructive to organizational performance. (Kariuki, 2018). In Kenya, Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms were formally recognized after the promulgation of the constitution in 2010 under Article 159(2)(C). The article prescribed that courts should be guided by the need to promote ADR. This was necessitated by delays in the resolution of employee complaints leading to poor organizational performance and failure by institutions to fully implement Collective Bargaining Agreements. There has also been a steady rise in labor disputes in Kenya, for instance, the rampant disputes and strikes witnessed from Universities Academic Staff, Kenya Medical practitioners and other unions. The study objective was to determine the influence of perceived benefits in the adoption of ADR mechanism by Trade Unions in Kenya. The study was done at Kenya National Union of Teacher Union in Kenya. Theoretically, the study was anchored on Reason Action Theory (TRA) and Social Influence Theory (SIT). The study found out that perceived benefits significantly influence adoption of ADR mechanisms in Trade Unions in Kenya. The study concluded that a policy document needs to be put in place to enlightened and guide the Trade Unions Officials on the adoption of ADR mechanisms in resolving industrial disputes. Since it was observed some respondents had less or no knowledge on the adoption of ADR by Trade Unions in Kenya. The study recommends Trade Unions should adopt the use of ADR mechanisms in resolving industrial disputes, ensure organizations are given more knowledge on the benefits of adopting ADR mechanisms, create policies on direction of ADR mechanisms, as well as investing in the right knowledge on adoption of ADR mechanisms to boost on adopting ADR mechanisms by Trade unions in Kenya. The study also gives suggestions for further research.
Alternative Disputes Resolution Mechanism
A Pilot Survey Linking Antecedents of LMX Relationships and PWDs Institutions Performance: An Assessment of PWDs Institutions in Kenya
The modern working world has made strides in building a stronger equitable society. There has been great resilience in including policies that ensure persons living with disability play their economic role. The current study was guided by two objectives: effect of transformational leader-characteristics as antecedents of LMX on organization performance in PWDs in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties and moderating effect of organization culture on LMX and organization performance in PWDs institution in Mombasa and Kilifi Counties; Leader-Member exchange theory and social exchange theory formed the theoretical foundation of this study. A conceptual framework showing the correlation of the study’s variables is also given. The study applied descriptive research design and the target population of the study was managers and subordinates at all levels within the organizations. Stratified sampling, convenience sampling and random sampling techniques were used to generate the sample size. A sample size of twenty-five (25) respondents two (2) to three (3) employees from every department. Semi-structured questionnaires were used for the study. The study conducted and applied Cronbach alpha reliability estimate. The study used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze data. The study results provided a good governance framework of engaging their business networks within their localities. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 21 was used. One of the significant findings was the realization that there was an increment in leader-characteristics of leaders in organizations. One of the conclusions of the study was that when leaders believe in their own abilities this often-enhanced LMX relationships hence improved organizational performance. A key recommendation of this study was the need for the Government ministries concerned with PWDs mainstreaming in the organizations have specific leadership practices that help build effective LMX relationships in organizations.
Effect of Corporate governance on Financial Distress among the Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange
This study delves into the intricate effect of corporate governance on financial distress in Kenya among the firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The recent economic growth and development in Kenya have attracted increased attention to the effectiveness of corporate governance practices adopted by businesses. The study examines the effect of various corporate governance factors, such as Board Size, Board Independence, Audit Committee Independence, and Firm Size, on financial distress in listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. To evaluate the significance of each factor in influencing financial distress, the analysis employs a Type I Sum of Squares approach using XLSTAT software. The findings reveal that Board Size and Firm Size exhibit highly significant relationships with financial distress, indicating their crucial roles in influencing a company's financial stability. Furthermore, Board Independence demonstrates a statistically significant relationship with financial distress, underscoring the importance of independent directors in mitigating financial risks. Although Audit Committee Independence exhibits borderline significance, it provides indications of a potential relationship with financial distress. Overall, the study offers valuable insights into the factors affecting financial distress in Kenyan companies and emphasizes the significance of robust corporate governance practices in ensuring financial stability and resilience.
Copyright (c) 2023 SOUTH SAHARA MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Antecedents of training transfer of management training in the public sector in the Eastern and Southern African Region - A Longitudinal Survey
Many organizations world over continue to make huge investments in their human capital through training and development. These efforts would only be worthwhile if such training is transferred into the workplaces and translated into various performance outcomes. The concept of transfer of training has gained a lot of interest among researchers and human resource practitioner alike. However, a consensus has not been reached on the antecedents of training transfer and especially from a developing economy context. The purpose of this study was to establish the factors influencing training transfer of various management training programmes carried out in the public sector organizations in the Eastern and Southern African region. A descriptive research design was employed. A survey of 169 respondents was carried out using a questionnaire. The results indicate that the 16-components of LTSI model were all not confirmed as the findings produced 14 components. The 14 components produced 4 factors influencing intention to transfer: learner readiness’, motivation to transfer, work environment and individual abilities. There is need to undertake further studies in order to establish reasons for inconsistency in the application of the 16-components in this study. Since the study has concentrated on the context of public service, there is also need to undertake similar or comparative studies with employees for private organizations where the work environment seems to be better that in the government.
Effect of On-the-Job Training Techniques on Performance of SMES in Mombasa County
Organizations rely largely on their employees to deliver high-quality production and performance. This means that staff needs to be skilled and knowledgeable, which can only be achieved through learning and development. Most small and medium-sized (SMEs) organizations hardly train their staff, and as such, performance is affected. This can be seen in the poor performance of some SMEs. To change this trend, it is thought that improving the competence and capacity of the employees can improve their performance. Training, especially on-the-job training, will give the SME in the construction sector hands-on experience. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of on-the-job training techniques on the performance of SMEs. The specific objectives covered employee coaching and apprenticeships. The study was anchored on social learning theory and human capital theory. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population was stratified as per the position held in the organization. Primary data was collected through the use of structured questionnaires, which were self-administered to the respondents. The data was analyzed using SPPS, where descriptive analysis was done to obtain means, standard deviations, and inferential statistics. Pearson Moment of Correlation analysis was conducted to test the strength of the variables, and regression analysis was done to check the relationship between the study variables. The study established that employee coaching and apprenticeship all had a significant and positive effect on the performance of SME. The study concludes that on-the-job training techniques have a significant effect on organizational performance. The study recommends that training is very significant in improving the performance of SMEs, hence it should be embraced in the construction sector. As such, there should be more investment in enhancing training programs so as to drive organizational performance.
Copyright (c) 2023 SOUTH SAHARA MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
Effect of Cash conversion Cycle on Profitability: A case study of Binathman Household Supermarkets in Kenya
The objective of this research study is to investigate the relationship between the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and profitability in the context of Binathman Household Supermarket in Mombasa County. The study examines how the management of receivables, cash, payables, and inventories impact the supermarket's profitability. The literary examination scrutinizes antecedent research investigations that have explored the connection between managing working capital and profitability in various sectors. Theoretical frameworks, for example, the operating cycle theory and the trade-off theory of liquidity, give important insights into the variables that influence decisions on working capital and their impact on profitability. The study utilizes multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the effect of inventory conversion, receivables conversion, and payables conversion on profitability. The study employs secondary data and measures profitability through return on assets (ROA). The research findings indicate a significant negative relationship between the cash conversion cycle and profitability. A shortened CCC leads to increased profitability by improving cash flow, reducing financing costs, and enhancing operational efficiency.